Journal of the Advances in Agricultural Researches (JALEXU) - Guide for Authors

Reuse of Date Palm by - Products for Efficient Use of Nitrogen Fertilizer (Arial 14 Bold)

M. A. E. Gomaa, G. Abdel-Nasser and A. S. Shamaa (Arial 12 Bold)

Soil Sciences Dept., College of Food and Agricultural Sciences,

ABSTRACT (Arial 14 Bold):  

The present study aims to improve the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer applied to the soil by reusing date palm by-products after grinding and mixing with sandy loam soil. The date palm by-products were collected from different areas, then air dried and ground. Two fractions were selected less than 0.5 mm and 1-2 mm. The powder was mixed with sandy loam soil at rates of 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0% (w/w) besides the control treatment (without application of date palm by-products). The treated soil was incubated at field capacity in a plastic container for 30 days. (Arial 10- single space)

INTRODUCTION (Arial 14 Bold):

With high rate and expense of N fertilizer presently used in modern agriculture, the nitrate leaching from agricultural soils has long been considered as a major environmental problem. Several investigators have identified the most decisive factors determining the magnitude of leaching losses (Avnimelech and Raveh, 1976; Gustafson, 1983; Bergstrom and Brink, 1986; Bergstrom and Johansson, 1991).

Text (Arial 12) – single space

MATERIALS AND METHODS (Arial 14 Bold):

Soil (Arial 12 Bold): The soil used in the present experiment was collected from the surface layer (0-30 cm) from Kharj Government (Haradh Road), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The texture was sandy loam. Some physical and chemical properties were performed according to the methods described in Carter (1993) and Klute (1986), Table (1). (Arial 12) – single space

RESULTS  (Arial 14 Bold):

1. Nitrate flux at lower boundary condition (Arial 12 Bold)

The observed NO₃ concentrations in the leachate at different time intervals as affected by water flux density and date palm by-product powder are presented in Tables (4, 5,6, and 7). (Arial 12) – single space

DISCUSSION (Arial 14 Bold):

Application of agricultural fertilizers, animal farming, atmospheric deposition, and industrial and wastewater discharges are the potential sources of groundwater contamination (Aelion and Conte, 2004). (Arial 12) – single space

Acknowledgment (Arial 14 Bold):

The authors would like to express great thanks to the Agricultural Research Center and the Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University for funding this research through the project supported by Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC). (Arial 12) – single space

REFERENCES (Arial 14 Bold): Author-date (Harvard).
Sample:

An article with an author:
Goodwin, J. (2009) ‘Whatever happened to the young workers? Change and transformation in 40 years of work’, Journal of Education and Work, 22(5), pp. 417-431. 

An article with no author: 

Coffee drinking and cancer of the pancreas’ (Editorial) (1981) British Medical Journal, 283(6292), p. 628. 

Solo Author:

Abdel-Nasser, G. 2001(Arial 12 Bold). Laboratory study of groundwater pollution with nitrate. 1- Effect of N-fertilization rate and soil texture. J. Agric. Sci. Mansoura Univ., 26(10): 6591-6606. (Arial 12 )- single space

Two authors:

Al-Darby, A. M. and G. Abdel-Nasser. 2006.Nitrate leaching through unsaturated soil columns: comparison between numerical and analytical solutions. J. Applied Science, 6(4): 735-743. (Arial 12 )- single space

Three or more authors:

Cameria, M. R., R. M. Fernando and L. S. Pereira. 2003. Monitoring water and NO₃-N in irrigated maize fields in the Sorraia watershed. Agricultural Water Management, 60: 199-216. (Arial 12 )- single space

Books:

Carter, M. R. (ed.). 1993. ”Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis”. Canadian Society of Soil Science, CRC Press, 823 pp. 2^ed Ed. (Arial 12 )- single space.

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