Khalifa Hashem, A., Radwan, F., Gomaa, M., Hussein, M., El-Taib, A. (2016). Response of Some Sugarcane Cultivars to Nitrogenous Fertilization and Micronutrients on Productivity and Quality. Journal of the Advances in Agricultural Researches, 21(4), 712-721. doi: 10.21608/jalexu.2016.195616
Ahmed Fathy Khalifa Hashem; Fathy Ibrahim Radwan; Mahmoud Gomaa; Magda Abo ElMagd Hussein; Ashraf Bakry El-Taib. "Response of Some Sugarcane Cultivars to Nitrogenous Fertilization and Micronutrients on Productivity and Quality". Journal of the Advances in Agricultural Researches, 21, 4, 2016, 712-721. doi: 10.21608/jalexu.2016.195616
Khalifa Hashem, A., Radwan, F., Gomaa, M., Hussein, M., El-Taib, A. (2016). 'Response of Some Sugarcane Cultivars to Nitrogenous Fertilization and Micronutrients on Productivity and Quality', Journal of the Advances in Agricultural Researches, 21(4), pp. 712-721. doi: 10.21608/jalexu.2016.195616
Khalifa Hashem, A., Radwan, F., Gomaa, M., Hussein, M., El-Taib, A. Response of Some Sugarcane Cultivars to Nitrogenous Fertilization and Micronutrients on Productivity and Quality. Journal of the Advances in Agricultural Researches, 2016; 21(4): 712-721. doi: 10.21608/jalexu.2016.195616
Response of Some Sugarcane Cultivars to Nitrogenous Fertilization and Micronutrients on Productivity and Quality
1Plant Production Dept. Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University
2Soil and Agricultural Chemistry Dept. Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University
3Agronomy Dept. Faculty of Agriculture Aswan
Abstract
Two filed experiments were carried out in the experiment farm of Faculty of Agriculture Aswan Egypt, during 2014 and 2015 growing seasons. The objective of this study was to investigate the response of some sugarcane cultivars to nitrogenous fertilization and micronutrient on productivity and quality. Experimental design was spilt spilt plot with three replicates. The results could be summarized as follows: Giza 9 variety at the four sampling dates had higher cane length, number of tillers/plant, number of internode/plant, leaf area index and cane diameter, also, cane girth, sugar cane, Brix (TSS%), sucrose (%), purity (%) and commercial cane sugar % (CCS%). Addition, nitrogen fertilizer at rate of 200 kg N/fed, resulted in a significant increment in growth characters, yield and quality of sugarcane plants in both seasons. Significant variations were recorded between the tested foliar micronutrient treatments for growth characters, yield and sugarcane quality. The effective treatments for growth characters, yield and quality were obtained for Giza 9 variety and adding 200 kg N/fed in both seasons. The highest values of all growth characters, yield and quality were obtained by Giza 9 variety with using the application of 200 kg N/fed and mixture of Zn +Fe treatment.
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is a commercial crop grown in tropical and sub-tropical regions for sugar production in climates ranging from hot dry environment near sea level to cool and moist environment at high elevations (Plaut et al., 2000). Apart from the main product, sugar, it produces many valuable co-products such as alcohol used by pharmaceutical industry and as fuel, bagasse for paper and chip board and press mud as a rich source of organic nutrients for crop production (Kumar et al., 1996 and Legendre et al., 2000).Thrives best a temperature above 20°C and requires a period of about 8 to 24 months to reach maturity (Nazir, 2000). Sugarcane is a major cash crop in Egypt, which not only provides man stay to sugar industry but also, row materials to many allied industries for alcohol and chip broad manufacturing (Naqvi, 2005).
Nitrogen is essential for vigorous vegetative growth and development, yield and quality in sugarcane. It is a constituent of plant cell components e.g. amino acids and nucleic acids and its deficiency inhibits plant growth, reduction in leaf area, thus causes a decrease in photosynthesis hence suppressing yield and quality (Taiz and Zeiger, 2002 and Sreewarome et al., 2007). Application of N fertilization is mandatory in intensive sugarcane cultivation which requires a high amount of nitrogen as a nutrient to produce high biomass (Thornburn et al., 2005). Excess N and low N uptake cause retarded growth phase and decreases photosynthetic capacity of leaves thus causing shorter internodes (Martin, 1994). For many locations the depletion of plant available soil N over time justifies the need for split application of yearly total N rate (Wiedenfeld, 1995).
Micronutrients can be applied directly into the soil or by foliar application. Foliar application has many advantages such as less application rate, even distribution of nutrients and immediate response of plant to applied material. It also, performs better where; soil alkalinity and permeability are more which leads to leaching of nutrients. Foliar application of nutrients is useful where the nutrients are fixed up to in the soil and thereby not available for absorption by the roots. Foliar application of zinc sulphate and iron sulphate increases cane yield (Chandra, 2005 and Boklar and Sakurai, 2005). The aim of this study was to examine the response of some sugarcane cultivars to nitrogenous fertilization and micronutrients on productivity and quality.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The present study was carried out at the experimental farm Kom-Omb-Aswan, Egypt, sugarcane is grown in the belt 32°N and 24°S, during the two successive growth seasons of 2014 and 2015 seasons to study the response of some sugarcane cultivars to nitrogenous fertilization and micronutrients on productivity and quality. The main physical and chemical properties of cultivated soil before planting and also, its content of some macro and micronutrients were determined according to the methods described byPage et al. (1982)as shown inTable (1)
Table (1). Some Physical and chemical properties of the experimental soil in 2014 and 2015 seasons.
Value
Parameter
Unit
2015
2014
Mechanical Analysis
%
53.00
52.12
Sand
%
23.00
22.00
Silt
%
24.00
22.88
Clay
Sandy Clay Loam
Textural class
-
7.84
7.92
pH (1:2)
%
2.3
2.1
Ca Co3
dS/m
0.412
0.417
EC(1:2, water extract)
%
1.55
1.65
O.M
Soluble cations
meq/l
2.02
2.04
Ca2+
meq/l
2.99
3.06
Mg2+
meq/l
1.42
1.41
Na+
meq/l
0.70
0.71
K+
Soluble anions
meq/l
5.2
5.4
HCO3-
meq/l
7.85
7.82
Cl-
meq/l
0.77
0.79
SO42-
Available nutrients
mg/kg
188.4
189.5
Nitrogen (N)
mg/kg
45.80
46.75
Phosphorus (P)
mg/kg
1001
1000
Potassium (K)
A split split plot design with three replicates was used in both seasons. Three cultivars (Giza 9 (V1), Giza 47 (V2) and Giza 49 (V3) were randomly assigned to the main plots, three nitrogen fertilizer levels (120, 160 and 200 kg N/fed) were allocated to sub plots and three micronutrients treatments (Zn, Fe and Zn +Fe) were randomly distributed in sub sub plots.
The experiment was laid out as split split plot with three replicates Net plot size was 4.5m x 8.0 m for 75 cm spaced trenches.
Fertilization
Fertilizers were applied at the rate of 115 kg P2O5/ha and 115 kg/ha K2O, respectively. Phosphorus (single super phosphate 15.5% was applied at the time of sowing and SOP (sulphate Potash, 48 %K2O). The amount of Zn and Fe was applied at 2kg Zn and 2kg Fe/fed. The foliar spray of 1/3rd dose of Zn and Fe and mixture Zn + Fe were applied 50 days after sowing and the remaining 2/3 was applied in two equal splits in 20 days intervals after the 1st spray. The sources of Zn and Fe were Zn SO4-H2O (35% Zn) and FeSO4 - 7H2O (19.5 % Fe), respectively.
Recorded data
A. Growth attributes
· Cane length (cm)
· Cane diameter (cm)
· Number of tillers/plant
· Number of internods/plant
· Leaf area index
B. Yield
· Cane girth
· Sugar yield (ton/ha) was determined by the following formula:
Sugar yield (t/ha)=
C. Qualitative traits
· Brix %
Ten cane randomly selected from every plot were crushed through a cane crusher and the juice was collected in glass jars. The reading brix (%) was recoded with brix hydrometer. Temperature of the juice was noted. These brix reading were corrected with the help of Schmitz table (Spancer and Meade, 1963).
· Sucrose in juice %
With the help of parameter, pol reading of extracted juice of every treatment was recorded. Sucrose contents of cane juice were calculated with the help of Schmitz table (Spancer and Meade, 1963).
· Cane juice purity %
Cane juice purity was determined at described by (Spancer and Meade, 1963).
Cane juice purity (%) =
· P=Pol % in juice
· B= Brix % in juice
· F=Fiber % in juice (12.5%)
Commerical cane sugar (CCS %) was determined by as per the method described by Meady and Chen (1997).
CCS % = 3/2 (1- ) -1/2 B(1- )
Where S = Sucrose percent in juice
All the data collected were subjected to statistical analysis of Varian ANOVA and (L.S.D.) values to test the differences among the standard treatments means according to Gomez and Gomez (1984).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A. Growth attributes
All the studied growth characters were greatly increased by all treatments with significant differences in most cases.
Regarding sugarcane varieties effect on cane length at all sampling dates and number of tillers/plant, number of internode/plant, leaf area index and cane diameter in both seasons, data in Table (2) show highly significant difference among sugarcane varieties for growth attributes. The Giza 9 variety produced the greatest values of all traits in the two seasons of study. This superiority can be mainly attributes to the increase in their number of tillers/plant and leaf area index and consequently increased photosynthesis by plant. These results are in agreement with those obtained by Nazir (2000) and Naqvi (2005).
Results recorded in Tables (3 and 4) revealed that cane length at four sampling dates, also, number of tillers/plant, number of internode/plant, leaf area index and cane diameter (cm) significantly increased by increasing the rate of nitrogen fertilizer (200 kg N/fed) in both growing seasons. The highest increases in these growth characters were obtained by application of 200 kg N/fed. However, the lowest values were recorded by using 120 kg N/fed. It is evident that each increase in the rate of nitrogen fertilizer from 120 to 200 kg N/fed was accompanied by highly significant increased in all growth characters. Similar results were found by Wiedenfeld (1995) and Thorburn et al. (2005).
Different dates of nutrients show significant effect of all growth attributes during both seasons. However, the application of Zn +Fe produced the highest all growth attributes in both seasons. The findings of Khan et al. (1997) and Tunio et al. (2004) are in contrast with these results they reported that of the most micronutrient exhibited a positive of all growth attributes.
Tables (3 and 4) indicated that growth characters of sugarcane plants significantly affected by the nitrogenous fertilizer and micronutrients, as well as, their interactions.
Concerning the interaction effect, data in Tables (3 and 4) indicated that Giza 9 variety and application of 200 kg N/fed produced the highest cane length, number of tillers/plant, number of internode/plant, leaf area index and cane diameter (cm) in both seasons.
The results reported inTables (3 and 4) indicated that the effective treatments for cane length of four sampling dates and number of tillers/plant, number of internode/plant, leaf area index and cane diameter were obtained from Giza 9 with foliar application of Zn +Fe treatment in both seasons.
Regarding the effect of interaction among sugarcane varieties, nitrogen fertilizer levels and micronutrients on all growth attributes characters in both seasons.
Table (2). Number of tillers/plant, Number of internode/plant, Leaf area index and Cane diameter as affectedby three varieties, nitrogen fertilizer and some micronutrients in 2014 and 2015 seasons.
Treatments
Number of tillers/plant
Number of internode/plant
Leaf area index
Cane diameter (cm)
2014
2015
2014
2015
2014
2015
2014
2015
A)Varieties
Giza 9
Giza 47
Giza 49
4.76a
4.20b
3.46c
5.45a
4.43b
3.84c
20.30a
18.36b
16.24c
21.91a
20.39b
18.04c
8.53a
8.07b
7.25c
9.48a
8.97b
8.86c
2.47a
2.38b
2.26c
2.74a
2.64b
2.58c
LSD (0.05)
0.42
0.48
1.02
1.04
0.40
0.45
0.05
0.04
B)Nitrogen levels
120
160
200
3.64c
4.24b
4.74a
4.01c
4.70b
5.28a
16.10c
18.24b
20.57a
17.88c
20.28b
22.18a
7.73c
7.98b
8.21a
8.53c
8.87b
9.11a
2.26c
2.34b
2.47a
2.51c
2.62b
2.75a
LSD (0.05)
0.45
0.50
1.12
1.20
0.20
0.21
0.06
0.07
C)Micronutrient
Zn
Fe
Zn+Fe
3.68c
4.17b
4.67a
4.10c
4.60b
5.30a
15.71c
18.12b
21.06a
16.80c
20.14b
23.42a
7.13c
7.92b
8.88a
7.98c
8.88b
9.78a
2.21c
2.34b
2.60a
2.46c
2.61b
2.81a
LSD (0.05)
0.45
0.48
1.15
1.30
0.60
0.70
0.09
0.11
Interaction
AxB
AxC
BxC
AxBxC
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Means in the same column followed by the same letter are statistically equalled according to LSD (0.05) probability level.
*: Significant at (0.05) probability level
Table (3). Cane length (cm) as affected by three varieties, nitrogen fertilizer and some micronutrients in 2014 and 2015 seasons.
Treatments
2014
2015
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
A)Varieties
Giza 9
Giza 47
Giza 49
179.97a
136.37c
147.79b
200.13a
151.16c
165.07b
223.35a
168.70c
183.82b
247.17a
186.86c
203.78b
180.39a
138.52c
149.23b
210.70a
173.35c
187.09b
222.91a
168.36c
183.31b
241.04a
187.08c
203.41b
LSD (0.05)
5.40
6.10
8.10
9.70
6.10
6.40
7.10
9.30
B)Nitrogen levels
120
160
200
140.24c
155.97b
169.31a
155.51c
175.03b
188.27a
173.08c
192.92b
209.41a
192.09c
214.17b
232.30a
141.15c
156.79b
170.29a
157.04c
173.40b
184.79a
173.39c
192.30b
208.10a
186.25c
214.17b
231.68a
LSD (0.05)
4.70
5.20
7.10
10.20
5.01
5.60
6.80
9.80
C)Micronutrient
Zn
Fe
Zn+Fe
142.95c
154.37b
166.32a
158.84c
172.57b
186.40a
176.46c
191.63b
206.43a
195.99c
213.12b
250.69a
143.63c
155.67b
169.38a
158.82c
171.28b
186.60a
176.82c
190.40b
206.88a
189.73c
211.82b
230.47a
LSD (0.05)
5.10
6.30
7.50
10.4
5.18
6.50
7.20
10.20
Interaction
AxB
AxC
BxC
AxBxC
*
*
*
ns
*
*
*
ns
*
*
*
ns
*
*
*
ns
*
*
*
ns
*
*
*
ns
*
*
*
ns
*
*
*
ns
Means in the same column followed by the same letter are statistically equalled according to LSD (0.05) probability level.
*: Significant at (0.05) probability level
ns: not significant
Table (4). Interaction between three cultivars and N-levels on cane length (cm)at three sampling dates in 2014 and 2015 seasons.
Treatments
2014
2015
Varieties
N-levels KgN/fed
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Giza 9
120
160
200
169.13
180.60
197.42
191.56
203.14
205.67
216.15
226.13
230.77
236.59
250.80
255.37
191.56
202.72
206.23
212.85
226.70
229.88
217.65
250.67
254.67
262.50
285.55
284.89
Giza 47
120
160
200
120.64
138.37
151.14
134.97
152.45
168.07
149.87
169.14
186.75
166.23
188.83
207.50
135.28
152.46
168.88
149.59
167.70
186.13
166.20
186.03
207.75
184.69
209.44
230.54
Giza 49
120
160
200
10.86
148.34
167.62
141.66
148.50
188.72
157.59
183.16
209.70
174.41
203.53
232.69
144.26
164.82
187.74
157.42
182.78
209.72
174.90
203.50
232.94
194.31
226.11
258.70
LSD (0.05)
5.50
6.30
8.30
10.50
6.30
6.50
7.60
10.10
B. Yield and Qualitative characters
Data inTables (5 and 6) showed that Giza 9 variety was significantly superior in yield and Qualitative characters i.e. cane girth, cane yield, Brix percentage of TSS%, sucrose %, purity % and commercial sugar (CCS%) than the other two sugarcane varieties Giza 47, Giza 49 varieties. Differences in these traits among sugarcane varieties under study may be due to differences in their genetic make and to response to environmental factors affecting development processe and ability to uptake the available nutrients. These results are in harmony with those obtained by Sharma et al. (2002) and Wilson and Leslie (1997).The obtained results given in Tables (5 and 6) showed, clearly, that nitrogen fertilizer levels exhibited significant effect on all estimated traits during the two cropping seasons of the study. Notably increasing nitrogen fertilizer level resulted in a significant increase in cane girth, cane yield (ton/ha), Birx percentage (TSS %), sucrose %, purity % and CCS%. These findings might be attributed to more adsorption of nutrition which reflect more growth substance more cell division and enlargement more tissues and organs and plant elongation. Also, the nitrogen fertilizer may increase the synthesis of endogenous phytohormones which cause the formation of big active root system which allow more nutrients uptake. The previous results agreed more or less with the findings obtained by Yadava (1991), Wiedenfeld (1995) and Pratop et al. (1996). Effect of Fe + Zn treatments on sugarcane are presented in Tables (5 and 6). Data cleared that application of all treatments caused marked increases in yield and qualitative characters. The highest values of cane girth, cane yield (ton/ha), Brix percentage (TSS %), sucrose %, Purity % and CCS % by foliar application of mixture Zn +Fe in both seasons. Similary, Dhanascharan and Bhuvaneswari (2004), noticed that Zinc and iron or in combination significantly increased Purity (%) of cane juice, sucrose (%) and Brix (TSS %). Similar results were obtained by Sharma et al. (2002) and Raskar and Bhai (2004).All first and second order interaction on yield and quality were significant in both seasons, Tables (5 and 6). Generally, Giza 9 variety with application of 200 kg N/fed and mixture of Zn +Fe treatment gave the best growth characters, yield and quality for sugarcane under Aswan conditions.
Table (5). Cane girth and cane yield (ton/ha) as affected by three varieties, nitrogen levels and micronutrients during 2014 and 2015 seasons.
Treatments
Cane girth (cm)
Cane yield (ton/ha)
2014
2015
2014
2015
A)Varieties
Giza 9
Giza 47
Giza 49
2.35a
2.15b
2.09c
2.61a
2.39b
2.32c
163.32a
151.46b
137.15c
180.95a
167.74b
153.12c
LSD (0.05)
0.04
0.06
9.40
9.60
B)Nitrogen levels
120
160
200
2.12c
2.25b
2.35a
2.29c
2.44b
2.60a
141.54c
148.56b
165.97a
153.59c
165.96b
187.11a
LSD (0.05)
0.06
0.08
6.70
7.90
C)Micronutrient
Zn
Fe
Zn+Fe
2.10c
2.19b
2.32a
2.32c
2.42b
2.58a
138.22c
149.54b
164.84a
153.53c
166.12b
179.77a
LSD (0.05)
0.07
0.08
8.90
8.50
Interaction
AxB
AxC
BxC
AxBxC
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Means in the same column followed by the same letter are statistically equalled according to LSD (0.05) probability level.
*: Significant at (0.05) probability level
Table (6). Total soluble solids (TSS), Sucrose content and juice Purity (%) and Commercial cane sugar (CCS%) as affected by three varieties, nitrogen fertilizer and some micronutrients in 2014 and 2015 seasons.
Treatments
Brix (TSS %)
Sucrose (%)
Purity (%)
Commerical cane sugar (CCS %)
2014
2015
2014
2015
2014
2015
2014
2015
A)Varieties
Giza 9
Giza 47
Giza 49
20.14a
18.13b
16.29c
22.39a
20.14b
18.12c
13.70a
13.44b
12.73c
15.15a
14.93b
14.23c
77.62a
60.56b
52.30c
86.61a
69.91b
58.13c
12.25a
11.89b
9.62c
13.56a
12.27b
10.75c
LSD (0.05)
1.02
1.10
0.50
0.45
7.10
9.50
0.50
0.60
B)Nitrogen levels
120
160
200
17.39c
18.36b
18.86a
19.33c
20.45b
20.98a
12.75c
13.37b
13.86a
14.17c
14.82b
15.33a
59.99c
62.30b
69.46a
66.26c
71.27b
76.27a
10.48c
10.95b
11.45a
11.59c
12.23b
12.77a
LSD (0.05)
0.45
0.48
0.47
0.45
6.10
5.50
0.45
0.48
C)Micronutrient
Zn
Fe
Zn+Fe
17.88c
18.20b
18.54a
19.85c
20.20b
20.60a
12.39c
13.23b
14.39a
13.77c
14.70b
15.90a
65.51c
63.91b
66.56a
66.47c
71.26b
76.40a
10.52c
10.96b
11.97a
11.13c
12.23b
13.39a
LSD (0.05)
ns
ns
0.70
0.80
ns
5.10
0.55
0.60
Interaction
AxB
AxC
BxC
AxBxC
*
ns
ns
*
*
ns
ns
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Means in the same column followed by the same letter are statistically equalled according to LSD (0.05) probability level.
*: Significant at (0.05) probability level
ns: not significant
References
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