Abbas Elsaid Ibrahim, I., Yehia, W., ElBanna, A., EL-Mesmary, H. (2022). Yield and Yield Components as Affected by Delaying Sowing Dates in Some Egyptian Cotton Varieties. Journal of the Advances in Agricultural Researches, 27(2), 449-458. doi: 10.21608/jalexu.2022.147004.1071
Ibrahim Abbas Elsaid Ibrahim; Walid Mohamed Bassouni Yehia; Ali Ahmed Ali ElBanna; Hadeer Moahmed Kamal EL-Mesmary. "Yield and Yield Components as Affected by Delaying Sowing Dates in Some Egyptian Cotton Varieties". Journal of the Advances in Agricultural Researches, 27, 2, 2022, 449-458. doi: 10.21608/jalexu.2022.147004.1071
Abbas Elsaid Ibrahim, I., Yehia, W., ElBanna, A., EL-Mesmary, H. (2022). 'Yield and Yield Components as Affected by Delaying Sowing Dates in Some Egyptian Cotton Varieties', Journal of the Advances in Agricultural Researches, 27(2), pp. 449-458. doi: 10.21608/jalexu.2022.147004.1071
Abbas Elsaid Ibrahim, I., Yehia, W., ElBanna, A., EL-Mesmary, H. Yield and Yield Components as Affected by Delaying Sowing Dates in Some Egyptian Cotton Varieties. Journal of the Advances in Agricultural Researches, 2022; 27(2): 449-458. doi: 10.21608/jalexu.2022.147004.1071
Yield and Yield Components as Affected by Delaying Sowing Dates in Some Egyptian Cotton Varieties
2Cotton Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt
3Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha, Alexandria University
Abstract
This investigation was carried out by Plant Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria Egypt, during 2018 and 2019 seasons to study the effect of delaying of sowing dates on yield and yield components of Egyptian cotton varieties Giza 86, Giza 92 and Giza 94, Five late sowing dates were used i.e.: 15th, 28thApril, 7th, 17thand 27th May in 2018 season and 15th, 25th April, 8th, 18th and 29th May in 2019 season, respectively. The experiments were conductat Sakha Agriculture Research Station, Agriculture Research Center, Egypt. A split plot design with three replicates were used. Results showed that the highest mean values were recorded by Giza 94 (A3) for boll weight, number of bolls per plant, seed cotton yield per plant, seed cotton yield per feddan, lint cotton yield per plant, lint cotton yield per feddan, lint percentage and seed index in 2018 and 2019. For sowing dates, the highest mean values were attained from first sowing date (B1) for number of bolls per plant, seed cotton yield per plant, seed cotton yield per feddan, lint cotton yield per plant, lint cotton yield per feddan and seed index in both seasons. In addition there were significant interaction effect between cotton varieties and sowing dater for all studied characters. The results also cleared that the least affected cultivar by planting dates was (Giza 94) cotton variety and the most affected cultivar by delaying sowing dates for yield and yield component was (Giza 92) cotton variety. From the afore mentioned results, (Giza 94) can be planted in the regions of delayed planting dates.
Cotton an international agricultural commodity of which quality and quantity are subject to various whines of nature, occupies an important position in global status of commercial crops with annual impact of about >50 billion dollars in worlds economy (OECD)/FAO, 2019) the lint quality in general and particularly seed cotton yield is highly sensitive to climatic conditions.
Sustainable cotton production in the future will depend on the development of cotton varieties with higher yield potential and quality of seed cotton as well as better Tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses (Aiken 2006).The sowing time of cotton plays important rolein obtaining better seed cotton yield in a country where the climatic conditions. Vary Saraz, (2008), Soomro et al., 2000and Usman and Ayatullah (2016) stated that sowing time of cotton crop plays main role in cotton production through its effect onvegetative and reproductive phases and thus total duration of crop. To decide the best time of cultivation in a specific area can often be complex. Seed cotton and fiber quality parameters could be assessed by sowing at different late sowing times.
In Egypt, the cotton farmers got used to delay sowing of cotton to April and the first of May in order to take one or two extra cuts from Egyptian clover and large areas are planted now withe beans and wheat in competition with cotton and other summer crops. This delay in cotton sowing was always accompanied by a significant decrease in seed cotton yield and cotton fiber quality with different magnitudes which changed according to cotton genotypes. Ebaidet al.(1988),studied delay in sowing date of cotton and they found that the number of open bolls/plant, boll weight, lint percentage and seed index were not significantly affected by sowing date however, early sowing date increased seed cotton yield by 13 to 14 % compared with the late sowing date.Ali and El Sayed (2001), recorded that the early sowing date (25 march) significantly increased number of open bolls per plant, boll weight, seed index, lint percentage, the number of days to the first flower, days to first opening boll seed cotton yield/plant and seed cotton yield/feddan. However, plant height was not significantly affected by sowing date. Gadallah(2002), concluded that delaying cotton sowing from 20 march to 25 April was accompanied by a gradual decrease in plant height, seed cotton yield/plant, seed cotton yield was decreased by 38.91 and 63.16% when delaying cotton sowing to 10 and 25April. When we compared with first sowing date at 20 March in both seasons. The average was 33.91 and 55.57% regarding fiber length at 2.5% span length and uniformity ratio. Also, the Presley index decreased with delaying sowing date of cotton. In addition, lint percentage and seed index responses were distinctive, where both traits increased when cotton was sown late. Hayatullaet al. (2011), showed that, sowing cotton on 25 April significantly increased fiber traits compared tolate sowing on 15 May. Emera (2012), cleared that sowing date hadsignificant effects on all growth parameters such as; number of bolls/plant, boll weight, seed index and seed cotton yield/feddan, while sowing date didn't exhibit any significant effect on lint percentage, number of opening bolls/plant, boll weight, seed index and seed cotton yield/feddan, on the other side, sowing date didn't appear to had any significant effecton lint percentage. Also, he cleared that Giza 86 cotton variety gave a significant increase in all growth traits, boll weight, seed index, number of open bolls/plant and seed cotton yield/feddan due to earliness in sowing date (30 march)but, had no significant effecton lint percentage compared with the late sowing date on 30 April. Elayonet al.(2013), studied and evaluated three sowing dates (25 March, 25 April and 25May) and the results showed that sowing date had significant effects on plant growth traits, yield and yield components. Also, they cleared that, delaying sowing recorded that significant increase in plant height, number of days to opening first flower, but the results indicated that sowing cotton on 25 March was superior in seed index and seed cotton yield Kentar/feddan.Ali and EL-Sayed(2001), reported that the Egyptian cotton cultivarGiza 88 recorded a significant increase in number of open bolls/plant, seed index, lint percentage, boll weight and number of days to opening first flower, seed cotton yield/plant and seed cotton yield/feddan in early sowing dates. EL sayed and EL Menshawi(2011), found that Giza 88 variety recorded a significant decrease in seed cotton due to late sowing date at the last week of April. EL – Zekyet al.(2007), stated that, the Egyptian cotton variety Giza 86 showed a significant decrease in boll weight, lint percentage, number of open bolls/plant, seed cotton yield/plant and seed cotton yield/feddanas the result of late sowing date.
The objective of this present investigation was to determine the effect of delaying sowing dates on yield and yield components of three Egyptian cotton varieties.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This investigation was carried out by Plant Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria Egypt, during 2018 and 2019 seasons to study the effect of delaying sowing dates on yield and yield components of threeEgyptian cotton varieties. The experiments were conduct at Sakha Agriculture Research Station, Agriculture Research Center, Egypt. The design of the experiment was split plot design with three replicates the experimental plot size was 2.1 x 5 m (10.5 m2). Three Egyptian cotton varieties (factor A) were allocated to the main plots and five sowing dates (Factor B) were allocated to the sub plots. The treatments details are as follows:
Factor A (three Egyptian cotton varieties):
A1 = Giza 86
A2 = Giza 92
A3 = Giza 94
Factor B (five sowing dates)
B1= the first sowing date in 15th and 16thApril in 2018 and 2019 seasons,respectively.
B2= the first sowing date in 27th and 25th April in 2018 and 2019 seasons, respectively.
B3= the first sowing date in 7th and 8th May in 2018 and 2019 seasons,respectively.
B4= the first sowing date in 17th and18th May in 2018 and 2019 seasons,respectively.
B5= the first sowing date in 27th and28th May in 2018 and 2019 seasons,respectively.
The chemical fertilizers were applied atthe recommended doses by the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied in the form of urea (46%) in two doses, the first dose was added at the first irrigation and the second dose was added before the second irrigation. phosphorus fertilizer was applied in the form of (18% P2O5) and was applied to the soil at the time of sowing. Potassium fertilization was added as foliar fertilizer in the form of Potesin F. The row spacing was 70 cm apart and the distance between hills was 30 cm. All cultural practices were performed as recommended by the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation. Ten plants from each sub plot were chosen at random to measure the studied characters. These plants were tagged and numbered separately. Data were recorded for the following parameters:
The studied characters were:
1. Boll weight (BW gm.)
2. Number of bolls per plant (No. B/P)
3. Seed cotton yield per plant (gm) (SCY/P)
4. Seed cotton yield per feddan(SCY kentar/feddan).
5. Lint cotton yield per plant (gm.) (LCY/P).
6. Lint cotton yield (LCY kentar/feddan).
7. Lint percentage (L %)
8. Seed index (gm.) (SI).
The data collected were subjected to statistical analysis of variance according to Gomez and Gomez (1984)and Duncan multiple range values were used to test the differences between treatment means. The statistical analyses was performed using MSTAT-C computer statistical software, M-stat c (1986).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The mean squares of the analyses of variance and means of the studied characters ofthe three cotton varieties and five sowing dates and the interaction between them for yield and yield components are presented as follows.
Boll weight (BW gm) and number of bolls per plant (No. B/P):
The mean squares of boll weight and number of bolls per plant are presented at Table (1). The results showed highly significant effect due to the three Egyptian cotton varieties (factor A) and sowing dates (factor B) in the two seasons 2018 and 2019, respectively. In addition, the results also cleared that the interaction between cotton varieties and sowing dates (A x B) was highly significant for boll weight (BW) and significant for number of bolls per plant (No. B/P) in both seasons. These results are in agreement with those obtained by Ali and EL-Sayed (2001),Elayonet al (2008) and EL-Sayed and EL-Menshawi (2011).
Table (1): Mean squares of boll weight and number of bolls per plant for2018 and 2019 seasons
*, **Significant at 0.05 and 0.01 levels of probability, respectively.
The mean performance of the three Egyptian cotton varieties, five sowing dates and the interaction between them for boll weight (BW) and number of bolls per plant (No. B/P) are presented in Table (2). The results showed that (A3) Giza 94 variety gave the highest mean values for boll weight (3.41 and 3.48 gm) and number of bolls per plant(12.78 and 11.94) in 2018 and 2019 seasons, respectively. On the other hand, the lowest mean values were recorded by Giza 92 for boll weight(2.95 and 2.66 gm) and number of bolls per plant (9.47 and 10.04) in both seasons, respectively. These results are in agreement with those of Ali and EL-Sayed (2001); Gadullah (2002); EL-Sayed and EL-Menshawi (2005) and Elayonet al (2008).
As for the effect of sowing dates on boll weight (BW)and number of bolls per plant the results cleared that the highest mean values for boll weight were recorded by the second sowing date (B2) with the mean values of (3.36 and 3.20 gm) while the lowest mean values were recorded by the last sowing date (B5) with mean values of (2.76 and 2.79 gm) in2018 and 2019, respectively. Likewise, the first sowing date (B1) recorded the highest mean values for number of bolls per plant with the mean values of(13.40 and 13.49 bolls/plant), respectively. While, the lowest mean values were given by the last sowing date (B5) with the mean values of (9.08 and 8.27 bolls/ plant), in the two seasons, respectively. These results are in agreement with those of Ali and EL-Sayed (2001); EL-Sayed and EL-Menshawi (2005); Elayonet al. (2008.); Pettigrew et al.(2009) and Hayatallahet al.(2011).
For the interaction (A x B) the results cleared that the highest mean values for boll weight were recorded by (A3 x B3 in 2018 and A3 x B2 in 2019 seasons with the mean values of(3.64 and 3.73 gm), respectively, while the lowest mean values were given by the interaction A2 x B5 with the mean values of (2.29 and 2.44 gm) in 2018 and 2019, respectively. For the number of bolls per plant (No.B/P). The results cleared that the highest interaction mean values were recorded by A3x B1 in 2018 and A1 xB1 in 2019 with the mean values of (14.34 and 14.22), respectively, while, the lowest interaction values was recorded by (A2 x B4) in (2018 and (A2 x B5) in2019 with the mean values of(7.86 and 6.87 bolls/Plant), respectively. These results are in agreement with those of Ali and EL-Sayed (2001); Gadullah (2002); EL-Sayed and EL-Menshawi (2005 and 2011) and Elayonet al.(2013).
Table (2):The mean performances of Three Egyptian cotton varieties, five sowing dates and their interactions for boll weight and number of bolls per plant for 2018 and 2019 seasons
Variable
Boll weight (gm)
Number of bolls/ plant
2018
2019
2018
2019
Cotton varieties ( A)
Giza 86 (A1)
2.98 b
2.84b
10.60 b
10.64b
Giza 92 (A2)
2.95 b
2.66c
9.47 c
10.04b
Giza 94 (A3)
3.41 a
3.48a
12.78 a
11.94a
sowing dates (B)
First sowingdate
(B1)
3.17 bc
3.08b
13.40 a
13.49a
Second sowingdate
(B2)
3.36 a
3.20a
11.32 b
11.40 b
Third sowingdate
(B3)
3.27 ab
3.01b
10.86 bc
11.17b
Fourth sowingdate
(B4)
3.01 c
2.88c
10.09 cd
10.04c
Fifth sowingdate
(B5)
2.76 d
2.79d
9.08 d
8.27 d
Interaction (A x B)
A1 x B1
3.18cd
3.00de
13.53ab
14.22a
A1 x B2
3.08 cdef
3.07d
11.25de
10.79de
A1 x B3
3.08cdef
2.87ef
10.36de
10.54de
A1 x B4
2.88efg
2.69gh
9.44efg
9.56efg
A1 x B5
2.67g
2.57hi
8.40gh
8.11gh
A2 x B1
3.06def
2.87f
12.34ab
12.84ab
A2 x B2
3.48ab
2.82fg
9.56cde
11.01cde
A2 x B3
3.09cde
2.61h
9.46cde
10.93cde
A2 x B4
2.82fg
2.58h
7.86fg
8.56fg
A2 x B5
2.29h
2.44i
8.14h
6.87h
A3 x B1
3.26bcd
3.37c
14.34a
13.39ab
A3 x B2
3.52ab
3.73a
13.16bc
12.41bc
A3 x B3
3.64a
3.55b
12.75bcd
12.04bcd
A3 x B4
3.34bc
3.37c
12.96bcd
12.02bcd
A3 x B5
3.31bcd
3.38c
10.69ef
9.83ef
In the same column, under the same trait, means followed by the same letter are not significantly different according to Duncan’s Multiple Range test, DMRT.
Seed cotton yield gram per plant (SCY/P) and seed cotton yield kentar per fed (SCY /fedd.):
The mean square of seed cotton yield per plant (SCY/P) and seed cotton yield per faddan (SCY/feddan) were calculated and the results are presented in Table (3). The results cleared highly significant effect among all three Egyptian cotton varieties (factor A) and sowing dates (Factor B) for the above two studied traits. The results also showed that the interaction between Egyptian cotton varieties and sowing dates (A x B) were significant for the two studied traits, these results are in agreement with many other, among them Ali and EL-Sayed (2001); Arian et al.(2001);Akhtar et al. (2002); Aiken (2006) and Emara (2012).
Table (3): Mean squares of seed cotton yield per plant and seed cotton yield per feddan for 2018 and 2019 seasons
*, **Significant at 0.05 and 0.01 levels of probability, respectively
The date for seed cotton yield per plant and seed cotton yield per feddan are presented in Table (4). there were highly significant differences between the three cotton varieties and the highest mean values for the seed cotton yield per plant was recorded for Giza 94 (43.53 and 41.50 gm/plant),and (12.73 and 12.14 Kent/feddan)for seed cotton yield per feddan in2018 and 2019 seasons, respectively. On the other hand the lowest mean values for seed cotton yield per plant(28.04 and 27.01 gm/plant) and seed cotton yield per feddan(8.20 and 7.90 Kent./feddan) were given by Giza 92 (A2) in 2018 and 2019 seasons, respectively. These results in agreement with of Ali and EL-Sayed (2001); EL-Sayed and EL-Menshawi (2005); Elayonet al.(2008) and Hayatallahet al.(2011).
Results in Table (4) showed highly significant differences between the five sowing dates. The results cleared that the highest mean values for seed cotton yield per plant were recorded by the first sowing date (B1) with the mean values of (42.43 and 41.52 gm per plant), while the lowest mean values for the same traits were given by the last sowing date (B5) with the mean values of(25.45 and 23.57 gm/plant)in both seasons, respectively. In addition the highest mean value for the seed cotton yield per feddan (12.41 and 12.15 kentar/feddan) were given by the first sowing date (B1) and the lowest mean values were recorded by (B5) with the mean values of (7.45 and 6.90 kentar/feddan) inseasons2018 and 2019 seasons, respectively. These results are in agreement with many researchers i.e.: Ali and EL-Sayed (2001); Gadullah (2002); EL-Sayed and EL-Menshawi (2005); Emara (2012) and Elayonet al.(2013).
The result for the interaction between factors A and B showed that the highest mean values for these traits were given by (A3 x B1) with the mean values of (46.65 and 45.00 gm/plant) for seed cotton yield / plant and (13.65 and 13.17 kentar/feddan) for seed cotton yield/feddan in 2018 and 2019 seasons, respectively. While the lowest mean values for seed cotton yield/plant (gm) and seed cotton yield/feddan were given by (A2 x B5) with the mean values of (18.56 and 16.73 gm/plant) for seed cotton yield/plant and (5.43 and 4.90 kentar/feddan) for seed cotton/feddan in both seasons, respectively as shown in Table (4). These results agreed with these of many researchers i.e.: Hassan et al (2003); EL-Sayed and EL-Menshawi (2005); Elayon (2008); Pettigrew et al. (2009) and Hayatallahet al.(2011).
Table (4): The mean performances of three Egyptian cotton varieties; five sowing dates and their interactions for seed cotton yield per plant and seed cotton yield per feddan for 2018 and 2019 seasons
Variable
Seed cotton yield/plant (Gm)
Seed cotton yield/feddan
(Kentar)
2018
2019
2018
2019
Cotton varieties ( A)
Giza 86 (A1)
31.81 b
30.52b
9.31 b
8.93b
Giza 92 (A2)
28.04 c
27.01c
8.20 c
7.90c
Giza 94 (A3)
43.53 a
41.50a
12.73 a
12.14a
Sowing dates (B)
First sowing date (B1)
42.43 a
41.52a
12.41 a
12.15a
Second sowing date (B2)
38.10 b
36.75b
11.14b
10.75b
Third sowing date (B3)
35.59 b
33.82c
10.41 b
9.89c
Fourth sowing date (B4)
30.74 c
29.40d
8.99 c
8.60d
Fifth sowing date (B5)
25.45 d
23.57e
7.45 d
6.90e
Interaction (A x B)
A1 x B1
42.95a
42.72ab
12.56a
12.50ab
A1 x B2
34.60bc
33.07de
10.12bc
9.67de
A1 x B3
31.91cde
30.31ef
9.33cde
8.86ef
A1 x B4
27.17ef
25.70gh
7.95ef
7.52gh
A1 x B5
22.45fg
20.81ij
6.57fg
6.09ij
A2 x B1
37.68b
36.85cd
11.02b
10.78cd
A2 x B2
33.29bcd
31.02ef
9.74bcd
9.07ef
A2 x B3
28.82de
28.47fg
8.43de
8.33fg
A2 x B4
21.86g
21.98hi
6.39g
6.43hi
A2 x B5
18.56g
16.73j
5.43g
4.90j
A3 x B1
46.65a
45.00a
13.65a
13.17a
A3 x B2
46.41a
46.16a
13.58a
13.50a
A3 x B3
46.05a
42.69ab
13.47a
12.49ab
A3 x B4
43.18a
40.50bc
12.63a
11.85bc
A3 x B5
35.36bc
33.17de
10.34bc
9.71de
In the same column, under the same trait, means followed by the same letter are not significantly different according to Duncan’s Multiple Range test, DMRT.
Lint cotton yield gram per plant (LCY/P) and lint cotton yield kentar/feddan(LCY/fed.)
The mean squares of lint cotton yield/plant and lint cotton yield/feddan in 2018 and 2019 seasons are presented in Table (5). The results showed highly significant difference between the three Egyptian cotton varieties (A) and the five sowing dates (B), while, the interaction between them (A x B) for the same traits was significant in both season 2018 and 2019. These results are in agreement with of; Gadullah (2002); Hassan et al.(2003); Emara (2012); and Wenqinget al.(2012).
Table (5):Mean squares of lint cotton yield per plant and lint cotton yield per feddan for 2018 and 2019 seasons
*, **Significant at 0.05 and 0.01 levels of probability, respectively
The mean values of the three Egyptian cotton varieties (factor A), five sowing dates (factor B) and their interaction for lint cotton yield / plant (g) and lint cotton yield (Kentar/feddan)are presented in Table (6). The results showed that the highest mean values were recorded by A3 (Giza 94) with the mean values of(16.86 and 16.51 g/plant)for lint cotton yield / plant, and (15.45 ad 15.13 kentar/fedd.) for lint cotton yield/feddan in 2018 and 2019 seasons, respectively. While, the lowest mean values were given by A2 (Giza 92) with the mean values of (9.84 and 9.64 g/plant) for lint cotton yield / plant, and (9.02 ad 8.83 kentar/feddan) for lint cotton yield/feddan in both season, respectively.
Concerning sowing dates effect, the results cleared that the highest mean values were recorded by the first sowing date (B1) with the mean values of(15.66 and 15.51 gm/plant)for lint cotton yield per plant, and (14.35 ad 14.21 kentar/feddan) for lint cotton yield per feddan in 2018 and 2019 seasons, respectively, but the lowest mean values were given byB5 with the mean values of (9.96 and 9.43 gm/plant) for lint cotton yield per plant, and (9.13 ad 8.64 kentar/feddan) for lint cotton yield per feddan in both season, respectively.
On the other hand, the interaction (A x B) for these traits cleared that the highest mean values were recorded by (A3 x B1) and (A3 x B2) with the mean values (18.04 and 18.22 gm/plant) for lint cotton yield per plant, and (16.53 and 16.70 kentar/feddan) for lint cotton yield per feddan in 2018 and 2019 seasons, respectively. On the other hand, the lowest mean values were recorded by (A2 x B5) with the mean values of (6.86 and 6.25 gm/plant) for lint cotton yield per plant, and (6.29 and 5.73 kentar/feddan) for lint cotton yield per feddan in both seasons, respectively. These results are in agreement with of researchers Ali and EL-Sayed(2001); Gadullah (2002); EL-Sayed and EL-Menshawi (2011); Emara(2012) and Elayonet al (2013).
Table (6): The mean performances of three Egyptian cotton varieties; five sowing dates and their interactions for lint cotton yield per plant and lint cotton yield per feddan for 2018 and 2019 seasons
Variable
Lint cotton yield/plant (gm)
Lint cotton yield/feddan
(kentar)
2018
2019
2018
2019
Cotton varieties ( A)
Giza 86 (A1)
12.10 b
11.43b
11.09b
10.48b
Giza 92 (A2)
9.84 c
9.64 c
9.02c
8.83c
Giza 94 (A3)
16.86 a
16.51 a
15.45a
15.13a
Sowing dates (B)
First sowing date (B1)
15.66 a
15.51a
14.35a
14.21a
Second sowing date (B2)
13.95b
13.66b
12.78b
12.52b
Third sowing date (B3)
13.23b
12.64 c
12.12b
11.58c
Fourth sowing date (B4)
11.87c
11.39d
10.88c
10.44d
Fifth sowing date (B5)
9.96 d
9.43e
9.13d
8.64e
Interaction (A x B)
A1 x B1
15.83bc
15.49c
14.51bc
14.20g
A1 x B2
12.71def
11.94ef
11.65def
10.95ef
A1 x B3
12.02efg
11.18fg
11.01efg
10.24fg
A1 x B4
10.88fgh
10.09g
9.97fgh
9.25g
A1 x B5
9.05hi
8.46h
8.30hi
7.75h
A2 x B1
13.11de
13.07de
12.01de
11.98de
A2 x B2
11.38efg
10.81fg
10.43efg
9.91fg
A2 x B3
10.15gh
10.20g
9.30gh
9.35g
A2 x B4
7.72ij
7.85h
7.08ij
7.20h
A2 x B5
6.86j
6.25i
6.29j
5.73i
A3 x B1
18.04a
17.97ab
16.53a
16.46ab
A3 x B2
17.76a
18.22a
16.27a
16.70a
A3 x B3
17.52ab
16.54bc
16.06ab
15.16bc
A3 x B4
17.01ab
16.24c
15.58ab
14.88c
A3 x B5
13.97cd
13.58d
12.79cd
12.45d
In the same column, under the same trait, means followed by the same letter are not significantly different according to Duncan’s Multiple Range test, DMRT.
Lint percentage (L %) and seed index (SI) :
Mean squares of lint percentage and seed index in 2018 and 2019 season, are presented in Table (7). The results showed highly significant different between the Egyptian cotton varieties (factor A) and sowing days (factor B) for the two traits in 2018 and 2019 seasons., in addition the interaction between factor (A and factor B) was significant for the same traits in 2018 and 2019 seasons. These results are in agreement with those obtained by EL-Sayed and EL- Menshawi (2005) and (2011); Hayatallahet al.(2011) and Emara (2012).
Table (7):Mean squares of lint percentage and seed index for 2018 and 2019 seasons
*, **Significant at 0.05 and 0.01 levels of probability, respectively
The mean values of the three Egyptian cotton varieties five sowing dates and the interaction between them for lint percentage (L %) and seed index in 2018 and 2019 seasons are presented in Table (8).
For lint percentage, the results cleared highly significant differences among all studied Egyptian cotton varieties and the highest mean values were recorded by A3 (Giza 94) with the mean values of(38.78 and 39.85%)in 2018 and 2019 seasons, respectively, also, the lowest mean values were given by A2 (Giza 92) with the means of(35.31 and 35.87 %) at the two studied season, respectively. For sowing dates (factor B) the results showed that the highest mean value was recorded by B5 and B4 in 2018 season and by B5 in 2019 season, with the mean values (38.28,38.94 and 39.66 %), respectively. Also, the results showed that the lowest mean value was recorded by B1, B2 and B3 in 2018 and 2019 seasons, with the mean values of (36.78, 36.38, 36.98, 37.21, 36.81 and 37.18%), respectively. Also, the results for the interaction between (A x B) cleared that the highest mean values was found for (A1 xB4 and A1 x B5) in 2018 season and by (A3 x B5) in 2019 season with the mean values of (40.06, 40.30 and 40.95), respectively. While, the lowest interaction was given by (A2x B1, A2 x B2, A2x B3 and A2xB4) with insignificant differences between them in 2018 and 2019 seasons. These results are in agreement with many researchers i.e.: Ali and EL-Sayed (2001); Gadullah (2002); EL-Zekyet al.(2007);Hayatallahet al.(2011) and Emara (2012).
Regarding character of seed index, the results showed that the highest mean values were recorded by A3 (Giza 94) with the mean values of(11.48 and 10.57gm), also, the lowest mean values were given by G86 and G92 varieties with the mean value of(9.81, 9.91, 9.71 and 9.68),in 2018 and 2019 seasons, respectively. Also, the results for factor B showed highly significant differences among all studied sowing dates, and the highest seed index (SI) value was recorded by the first sowing date (B1) with the mean values of(11.19 and 10.62 gm) in 2018 and 2019 seasons, respectively. While, the lowest mean values of seed index were given by the last sowing date (B5) with the mean values of (9.23 and 8.95 gm) in 2018 and 2019 seasons, respectively. For the interaction (A x B) the results cleared that the highest means of seed index were recorded by (A3x B1) with the man values of (12.84 and 11.46 gm) in 2018 and 2019 seasons, respectively. But the lowest mean values were given by (A2 x B5) in 2018 season and (A1 x B5) in 2019 season with the mean values of(8.99 and 8.64 gm), respectively. These results are in agreement with those of Ali and EL-Sayed (2001); Gadullah (2002); EL-Sayed and EL-Menshawi (2005); Elayonet al 2008; Emara (2012) and Elayonet al (2013).
Table (8): The mean performances of three Egyptian cotton varieties; five sowing dates and their interactions for lint percentage and seed index for 2018 and 2019 seasons
Variable
Lint percentage
Seed index (gm)
2018
2019
2018
2019
Cotton varieties ( A)
Giza 86(A1)
38.33a
37.84b
9.81 b
9.71 b
Giza 92(A2)
35.31b
35.87c
9.91 b
9.68 b
Giza 94(A3)
38.78a
39.85a
11.48 a
10.57 a
Sowing dates (B)
First sowing date (B1)
36.78b
37.21c
11.19a
10.62 a
Second sowing date (B2)
36.38b
36.81c
10.88 ab
10.53 ab
Third sowing date (B3)
36.98b
37.18c
10.67 b
10.25 b
Fourth sowing date (B4)
38.28a
38.38b
10.04 c
9.59 c
Fifth sowing date (B5)
38.94a
39.66a
9.23 d
8.95d
Interaction (A x B)
A1 x B1
36.86fg
36.25def
10.17cdef
10.15cd
A1 x B2
36.76g
36.15def
10.22cdef
10.43bc
A1 x B3
37.68defg
36.90de
9.96def
10.01cd
A1 x B4
40.06a
39.28c
9.71ef
9.31f
A1 x B5
40.30a
40.63ab
9.00gh
8.64h
A2 x B1
34.80h
35.48fg
10.56cd
10.26cd
A2 x B2
34.13h
34.81g
10.32cde
10.25cd
A2 x B3
35.17h
35.85efg
10.05def
9.86de
A2 x B4
35.39h
35.77efg
9.62fgh
9.26fg
A2 x B5
37.03efg
37.41d
8.99h
8.77gh
A3 x B1
38.67bcd
39.90abc
12.84a
11.46a
A3 x B2
38.25bcde
39.48bc
12.11b
10.90b
A3 x B3
38.09cdef
38.80c
12.00b
10.87b
A3 x B4
39.39abc
40.10abc
10.79c
10.20cd
A3 x B5
39.49ab
40.95a
9.68efg
9.44ef
In the same column, under the same trait, means followed by the same letter are not significantly different according to Duncan’s Multiple Range test, DMRT.
الملخص العربى
المحصول ومکوناته وتأثرهمابالتأخير فى مواعيد الزراعة لبعض أصناف القطن المصري
إبراهيم عباس السيد إبراهيم1، وليد محمد بسيونى يحيى2، على أحمد على البنا1،هدير محمد کمال المسمارى1
1-قسم الإنتاج النباتى-کلية الزراعة ساباباشا- جامعة الإسکندرية
2- معهد بحوث القطن- مرکز البحوث الزراعية-مصر
اجريت هذه الدراسة بقسم الإنتاج النباتى کلية الزراعة سابا باشا جامعة الأسکندرية لدراسة تأثير التاخير في مواعيد الزراعة علي المحصول ومکوناته في بعض اصناف القطن المصري، حيث استخدم ثلاثة اصناف من القطن المصرى هي: جيزة 86 وجيزة 92 وجيزة 94 وذلک تحت خمسة مواعيد زراعة مختلفة خلال موسمين زراعة وهي 15 و 28 ابريل و 7 و 17 و 27 مايو 2018 موسم وکذلک في 15 و 25 ابريل و 8 و 18 و 29 مايو موسم 2019 . وتم تنفيذ التجربة بمحطة البحوث الزراعية بسخا بمرکز البحوث الزراعية. وکانت الصفات المدروسة هي متوسط وزن اللوزة (جم) و متوسط عدد اللوز المتفتح للنبات و متوسط محصول القطن الزهر للنبات (جم) و متوسط محصول القطن الزهر بالقنطار للفدان و متوسط محصول القطن الشعر للنبات (جم) ومتوسط محصول القطن الشعر بالقنطار للفدان وتصافي الحليج بالاضافة لصفة معامل البذرة.
أوضحت النتائج المتحصل عليها ان المتوسط الأعلى للقيم سجل مع صنف القطن المصرى جيزة جيزة 94 لصفات وزن اللوزة ، عدد اللوز ، محصول القطن الزهر (نبات) ، محصول القطن الزهر (فدان)، محصول القطن الشعر (نبات)، محصول القطن الشعر (فدان)، النسبة المئوية للشعر (تصافى الحليج) ومعامل البذرة فى کلا الموسمين 2018 و 2019. أما بالنسبة لمواعيد زراعة القطن سجل الموعد الأول (15 إبريل) أعلى القيم لجميع الصفات سالفة الذکر عدا صفة نسبة القطن الشعر (تصافى الحليج) حيث سجل الموعد الأخير (27 و 29 مايو) أعلى القيم لهذه الصفة لموسمى الزراعة 2018 و 2019 على الترتيب. إضافاً کان التداخل بين الأصناف ومواعيد الزراعة معنوياً وعالى المعنوية فى جميع الصفات تحت الدراسة فى موسمى الزراعة.
وأيضاً ومن خلال النتائج المتحصل عليها کان الصنف جيزة 94 اقل الأصنافتأثراًبالتأخير في مواعيد الزراعة واعطي اعلي قيم اداء لکل الصفات تحت الدراسة، في حين ان الصنف جيزة 92 کان الاقل متوسط والاکثر انحرافا وتاثرا بالتاخير في مواعيد الزراعة، وبالتالي يمکن زراعة الصنف جيزة 94 في المناطق التي تنحرف فيها المواعيد للزراعة او يزرع القطن بعد محاصيل شتوية فيها دون التاثير الاقتصادي علي المحصول ومکوناته، کما انه يمکن استخدام الصنف جيزة 94 کأب في انتاج اصناف جديدة تتوافق مع مواعيد الزراعة المتأخرة .
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